AAPOD2 Image Archives

2025 Charles Lillo 2025 Charles Lillo

The Veil Nebula - A Wider Context

In this expansive wide-field portrait, the Veil Nebula’s delicate filaments emerge from the remnants of a massive star that exploded thousands of years ago. Ionized hydrogen glows deep crimson, while oxygen-rich shock fronts appear in cyan, tracing the intricate structure of this ancient supernova remnant. Surrounding the nebula, a rich tapestry of interstellar gas and dust is illuminated, revealing the turbulent environment in the Cygnus constellation.

Captured from Zabriskie Point in Death Valley, the image places the Veil Nebula within its broader cosmic neighborhood, showing how its wispy arcs are embedded in vast clouds of hydrogen that span the region. The combination of high-resolution detail and wide framing offers a rare glimpse of both the remnant’s fine structure and its larger-scale relationship with the Milky Way’s glowing star-forming regions.

Read More
2025 Charles Lillo 2025 Charles Lillo

Death Valley Nights: The Milky Way at Zabriskie Point

From the rugged badlands of Zabriskie Point in Death Valley National Park, the central bulge of our Milky Way rises in breathtaking detail. The dense star fields are threaded with dark molecular dust lanes, while pinkish-red hydrogen emission nebulae, including the Lagoon (M8) and Trifid (M20) Nebulae , glow from the ultraviolet light of massive young stars. Higher in the frame, faint extended nebulae appear as red arcs and patches, their delicate structures revealed through long exposure imaging.

Near the horizon, a greenish band of airglow shines from oxygen atoms high in Earth’s atmosphere, contrasting with the cool-toned, shadowed terrain below. Together, the stark geology of the badlands and the rich structure of our galaxy create an image that bridges Earth and cosmos, captured under some of the darkest skies in the continental United States.

Read More
2025 Charles Lillo 2025 Charles Lillo

Pacman Nebula in LRGB and Narrowband

The Pacman Nebula (NGC 281) emerges from the star-filled Cassiopeia constellation, framed by delicate interstellar dust and glowing gas. Captured through a total of 46 hours of integration, 19 hours in narrowband and 27 hours in LRGB, the image reveals exquisite details in the nebula’s ionized hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur regions, with intricate dark lanes cutting through the luminous clouds. These dense, dusty structures are active sites of star formation, sculpted by powerful stellar winds and radiation from hot, young stars. The rich colors come from a careful combination of narrowband emission data and natural-color broadband exposures, producing both scientific depth and aesthetic beauty.

Read More
2025 Charles Lillo 2025 Charles Lillo

NGC 7094 and the Rarely Imaged “Shenron Nebula” [O III]

At the center of this richly detailed wide-field view lies NGC 7094, a faint planetary nebula in the constellation Pegasus, showcasing its delicate blue-green glow from doubly ionized oxygen ([O III]). Surrounding it is an intricate tapestry of dusty interstellar cirrus, laced with faint red hydrogen emission. Cutting dramatically across the frame, the shimmering cyan ribbon known as the “Shenron Nebula” [O III] Arc reveals a rarely imaged ionization front, its ethereal form resembling a mythical dragon winding through the cosmic clouds. This combination of a planetary nebula and expansive, unrelated foreground structures creates a striking juxtaposition of astrophysical phenomena within the same celestial canvas.

Read More
2025 Charles Lillo 2025 Charles Lillo

NGC 5907 and the Ghostly Stellar Stream

In this deep-sky portrait, the spiral galaxy IC 4633 emerges from behind a veil of galactic cirrus — faint, dusty clouds within our own Milky Way. These tenuous structures scatter and reflect the combined starlight of the galaxy, giving the scene a soft, ethereal glow. While IC 4633 lies far beyond our own galactic boundaries, the wisps of interstellar dust in the foreground create the illusion of the galaxy peering through a cosmic curtain. The interplay between the sharp, structured spiral arms and the diffuse, flowing dust filaments makes this field a striking example of depth and perspective in astrophotography.

Read More
2025 Charles Lillo 2025 Charles Lillo

Radiant Wings of the Swan Nebula

The Swan Nebula, also known as M17 or the Omega Nebula, is a massive star-forming region located about 5,000 light-years away in the constellation Sagittarius. This detailed image reveals its turbulent clouds of ionized hydrogen gas, sculpted into intricate filaments and arcs by the intense ultraviolet radiation and stellar winds from newborn massive stars. The bright blue areas trace regions rich in oxygen, while gold and orange hues highlight sulfur and hydrogen emissions, captured here in a narrowband palette that brings out the nebula’s complex structure.

This view showcases M17’s luminous core embedded in vast dark dust lanes that both obscure and shape the surrounding emission. The Swan Nebula spans about 15 light-years across and is one of the brightest and most massive H II regions in our galaxy, making it a favorite target for both professional and amateur astronomers. The interplay of light and shadow within the nebula offers a striking glimpse into the chaotic, beautiful environments where stars are born.

Read More
2025 Charles Lillo 2025 Charles Lillo

The Gecko Nebula – LBN 437 from Spain

Winding across the stars in ghostly blues and reds, LBN 437 is a dark nebula in the constellation Lacerta that has become affectionately known as the Gecko Nebula due to its striking, reptilian shape. This beautifully composed image from Cinctorres, Valencian County, Spain, captures both the glowing hydrogen emission and delicate reflection nebulae as interstellar dust swirls around young, hot stars embedded in the cloud.

The Gecko’s “head,” illuminated by nearby stars, appears to glow with subtle blue hues while the reddish background is caused by hydrogen-alpha emission. These faint structures are part of the larger Cepheus Flare region, a vast complex of gas and dust in our Milky Way where new stars are forming. Images like this reveal the dynamic sculpting forces of stellar radiation, gravity, and time.

Read More
2025 Charles Lillo 2025 Charles Lillo

Sharpless 155 – The Cave Nebula in 37 Hours of SHO Color

This brilliant and colorful image of Sharpless 155, also known as the Cave Nebula, reveals a complex region of star formation and glowing gas sculpted by powerful stellar winds and radiation. Captured in the SHO palette (Sulfur, Hydrogen, Oxygen), this narrowband composite highlights the intricate interplay of ionized gases across the emission nebula in vivid contrast: sulfur in red, hydrogen in green, and oxygen in blue.

Located in the constellation Cepheus, the Cave Nebula is a blend of emission, reflection, and dark nebulae. The bright wall of gas seen on the left appears to form a cavern-like hollow, giving this nebula its popular name. This image represents 37 hours of total exposure, allowing for fine detail in the faintest structures of this richly textured cosmic landscape.

Read More
2025 Charles Lillo 2025 Charles Lillo

Fenrir the Dark Wolf – A Cosmic Silhouette in Cygnus

Amid the bright hydrogen glow of the Cygnus constellation, a menacing dark nebula takes the shape of a wolf mid-prowl. Known informally as Fenrir the Dark Wolf, this region of the sky is dominated by intricate filaments of ionized hydrogen (Ha) gas, illuminated in vivid red through over 11 hours of narrowband exposure. The dark “wolf” shape is formed by dense dust clouds that obscure the bright emission behind them, creating the illusion of a celestial predator on the hunt.

This HaLRGB composition was captured under Bortle 6 skies with a total integration time exceeding 21 hours, combining deep luminance and RGB channels to balance detail and color. The result is a rich tapestry of contrast and structure, with subtle background stars peppering the cosmic canvas. A haunting example of pareidolia in the interstellar medium, Fenrir waits in the shadows of Cygnus.

Read More
2025 Charles Lillo 2025 Charles Lillo

VdB 142 – The Elephant’s Trunk Nebula in a Bortle 6 Urban Sky

Even from a Bortle 6 urban sky, the Elephant’s Trunk Nebula emerges in stunning detail and color after more than 30 hours of exposure. Cataloged as VdB 142, this dense column of gas and dust winds through the emission nebula IC 1396, located roughly 2,400 light-years away in the constellation Cepheus. The glowing rim traces ionized gases shaped by the powerful radiation and stellar winds of nearby massive stars.

At the top of the “trunk,” bright-rimmed globules and embedded protostars signal active star formation. This narrowband composition highlights sulfur (red), hydrogen (green), and oxygen (blue) emissions, revealing dynamic layers and structures often lost under light-polluted skies. The result is a dramatic, high-contrast portrait that demonstrates what dedication and careful processing can achieve, even in less-than-ideal observing conditions.

Read More
2025 Charles Lillo 2025 Charles Lillo

NGC 6729 and the Corona Australis Dust Complex

In this deep and detailed portrait, the Corona Australis region glows with a mixture of dark molecular clouds, reflection nebulae, and faint emission features centered around NGC 6729. The reddish filaments near the center trace hydrogen-alpha emission, while the blue patches reflect starlight from young stars embedded in their birth clouds. The entire complex is a rich star-forming region located about 430 light-years away.

Sweeping arcs of dust stretch across the frame, hinting at the turbulent processes that shape interstellar matter. Toward the right, the globular cluster NGC 6723 glitters through the haze, a stark contrast to the soft glow of nebulosity. This image was captured from Itex Observatory in Texas using narrowband and broadband filters to reveal the full complexity of this iconic southern sky region.

Read More
2025 Charles Lillo 2025 Charles Lillo

Iris in the Dust – LBN 1148 and NGC 7023

At left, the Iris Nebula (NGC 7023) glows with a striking blue hue, illuminated by a young star embedded in a dense reflection nebula. This brilliant bloom of starlight lies embedded within a vast expanse of interstellar dust belonging to the dark nebula complex LDN 1148. These cosmic clouds are part of the Cepheus Flare region, located around 1,300 light-years away in the constellation Cepheus.

Surrounding the Iris is a sweeping tapestry of obscuring dust that both scatters starlight and conceals distant background stars. On the right side of the frame, twisted tendrils of LDN 1148 weave into complex shapes, suggesting turbulence and motion sculpted by magnetic fields and stellar winds. This deep wide-field view reveals the delicate interplay between light and shadow across one of the sky’s most photogenic dark nebula regions.

Read More
2025 Charles Lillo 2025 Charles Lillo

The Southern Celestial Serpent – Interstellar Cirrus in the Deep South

Winding like a ghostly dragon through the southern sky, this faint interstellar cloud complex, nicknamed the Southern Celestial Serpent, was captured in remarkable detail over 33 hours of exposure. These wispy tendrils belong to an Integrated Flux Nebula (IFN), a diffuse structure composed of dust and gas not directly illuminated by nearby stars but instead faintly glowing from the combined starlight of the Milky Way itself.

This elusive serpent is one of the southern sky's most delicate features, requiring exceptionally dark skies and long integration times to reveal. Unlike traditional nebulae found within the galactic plane, IFNs like this one reside high above it, reflecting the galaxy's integrated light. Their complex filaments are thought to be remnants of ancient interstellar matter, shaped by magnetic fields and stellar winds over millions of years.

Read More
2025 Charles Lillo 2025 Charles Lillo

Vallis Rheita – Impact-Sculpted Lunar Valley from Brazil

Captured from Parsec Observatory in Canoas, Brazil, this high-resolution lunar mosaic showcases Vallis Rheita—one of the Moon's longest impact valleys—stretching across the southeastern quadrant of the near side. Labeled craters such as Rheita, Young, and Jansen mark the valley’s rugged path, each a witness to the Moon’s violent history. The image was acquired on July 30, 2025, using a C14 Edge telescope paired with an ASI 290MM camera and IR 685 filter.

Vallis Rheita measures 445 km long and up to 30 km wide, narrowing to 10 km at its southeastern tip. It likely formed during the same catastrophic event that created Mare Nectaris, when immense ejected debris rained down, carving out a chain of craters and valleys. One theory suggests the valley was gouged by mountainous fragments hurled from the impact site, while another posits a fractured pre-existing structure expelled as a crustal flow. Rheita is the second-largest such valley on the Moon’s near side, only surpassed by Vallis Snellius, which shares its radial alignment to Mare Nectaris.

Read More
2025 Charles Lillo 2025 Charles Lillo

LDN 1235 – The Shark Nebula from Baja California

Rising like a ghostly form in the dark recesses of the Cepheus constellation, LDN 1235—also known as the Shark Nebula—prowls the sky in this deep-sky portrait from Rancho Corral Falso, Baja California, Mexico. Composed of cold, dense interstellar dust, this dark nebula blocks background starlight while subtly reflecting that of embedded and nearby stars, particularly the blue ones on its flank.

The Shark Nebula is part of a vast complex of dark nebulae and molecular clouds cataloged by Lynds. Though it appears opaque, careful long-exposure imaging reveals its intricate details and faint blue reflection zones. These regions indicate that the nebula isn't entirely devoid of light, some of the starlight escapes scattering, allowing us to witness its haunting shape against the cosmic backdrop.

Read More
2025 Charles Lillo 2025 Charles Lillo

The Sun in Helium-I 7065 Ångström — A Rare Full Disk View

This image captures the full disk of the Sun in the elusive Helium-I 7065 Å wavelength, a rarely imaged spectral line that lies in the far red part of the spectrum. Using a spectroheliograph, several high-resolution scans were carefully acquired, stacked, and processed to subtract the continuum and isolate the faint helium signal.

While the 10830 Å and 5875.6 Å (D3) helium lines are more commonly targeted, imaging the Sun in He I 7065 is exceptionally rare due to the line's subtlety and the high technical demands involved. This may be the first known full-disk image of the Sun in this band, revealing delicate filamentary structures and activity regions otherwise hidden in more conventional wavelengths. The result is a novel glimpse into solar dynamics through an uncommon helium filter.

Read More
2025 Charles Lillo 2025 Charles Lillo

NGC 5907 – The Splinter Galaxy and its Ghostly Arc

Appearing razor-thin against the cosmic backdrop, NGC 5907 slices through the constellation Draco in this deep LRGB image. Also known as the Splinter Galaxy, this elegant spiral lies approximately 50 million light-years away and is seen almost perfectly edge-on. Its warped disk and faint tidal features suggest a turbulent history, an ongoing gravitational dance with a long-disrupted satellite galaxy.

Arcing delicately around NGC 5907 is a spectacular stellar stream, the ghostly remnant of that merger. Composed of stars flung out by tidal forces, this faint loop of light is rarely visible in amateur images. Capturing such a structure requires exceptional sky conditions and long integration times, making this view both scientifically valuable and visually arresting.

Read More
2025 Charles Lillo 2025 Charles Lillo

NGC 6888 – The Crescent Nebula

NGC 6888, also known as the Crescent Nebula, glows brilliantly in this wide-field image captured in RGB and hydrogen-alpha (Ha). The hydrogen emission dominates the surrounding region, revealing the intricate filaments and shock fronts generated by the powerful stellar winds of its central Wolf-Rayet star, WR 136. Surrounding the nebula is a faint OIII bubble envelope, adding an additional layer of depth and structure.

In this image, you can also spot the “Soap Bubble Nebula” (PN G75.5+1.7), a small, nearly perfect spherical shell discovered only a few years ago. It appears like a tiny soap bubble suspended in space, making it a unique feature within the same field of view.

Read More
2025 Charles Lillo 2025 Charles Lillo

NGC6543 under a Starlight sky

One of the most structurally complex planetary nebulae known, NGC 6543, popularly called the Cat’s Eye Nebula, lies about 3,300 light-years away in the constellation Draco. At its heart is a dying star that has expelled its outer layers into intricate shells of glowing ionized gas. This image captures not only the iconic teal core but also the fainter filamentary halos that extend well beyond its central nebula, likely the result of episodic mass loss over thousands of years.

Remarkably, the nebula is set against a starfield studded with faint galaxies, including a prominent spiral below it. These background galaxies provide a cosmic depth to the frame, contrasting the relatively nearby planetary nebula with structures billions of light-years away. This portrait is a powerful reminder of the beauty and scale of celestial evolution.

Read More
2025 Charles Lillo 2025 Charles Lillo

NGC 6723 From Calm to Chaos: A Cosmic Contrast

This deep-sky portrait from the constellation Corona Australis juxtaposes two contrasting yet co-located cosmic marvels: the dense globular cluster NGC 6723 on the left, and the vibrant blue reflection nebulae NGC 6726, NGC 6727, and IC 4812 on the right. The globular cluster lies about 28,000 light-years away, densely packed with hundreds of thousands of ancient stars in a roughly spherical formation.

To the right, the nebulae reside much closer, only about 400 light-years from Earth. Their blue color is produced as starlight scatters off interstellar dust, most prominently from the bright stars R and T Coronae Australis. These young stars are still surrounded by the remnants of the clouds from which they formed. Embedded regions of reddish-pink emission and twisting dark dust lanes add further complexity to the scene. This image was built up over 49 hours of exposure using RGB and H-alpha filters to capture both the fine reflection details and subtle emission structures.

Read More